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How does the evolution of the Christian world in the third wave era compare with that of the Tang and Song dynasty China of the Islamic world? The worldwide Christendom in the third-wave civilization compares to the spread of Islam in Tang and Song Dynasties in numerous ways. The three civilizations including Islam, Christianity, and Chinese traditions expanded in the realm. They also saw an extensive rise in commerce and wealth especially in China and Islamic civilizations. Religion was used as rhetoric for state legitimacy in both China and Christian worlds while Islamic states established realms to abet religion. In Chinese and Christian civilizations, the traditional sources of power were land, religion, and patriarchy. The innovations included new methods of taxation, an adaptation of religious institutions and tributary system. In some regions such as Islamic Mongol Khanates and city states, newer forms of governments such as decentralized governments were used especially in Europe and Japan. The rapid urbanization and widespread Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam created new opportunities and dissipated advancement chances for women in Eurasia and China. Particularly, Islam maintained strong egalitarian traditions and patriarch doctrines which tightened over time. There were significant cultural and technological transfers between the Abbasids and Tang China and across the Mongol empires and during crusades by Christian missionaries. Additionally, Christianity and Buddhism became critical establishments that drew massive wealth to churches although Islam was less known by the educational establishments or individual churches. Instead, it was more defined by the influential and powerful state tradition that it inculcated in individual nations. Strayer states that dominant traditions in China arose from Buddhism and Chinese cultural practices while Islam and Christianity were bred from the edge of civilization. Christianity Buddhism and other Chinese cultural traditions sought to offer an element of cultural commonality for diverse societies in the Eurasia. On the other hand, Islam utilizes the elements of commonality to support the Islamic tradition and bring people a pure form of traditions.

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